Rust Option<T> is either Some(T), which carries a value, or None, which does not. It records absence in the return type when an operation such as a lookup may normally find nothing.
The demo forks a lookup into two paths with different actions. Unwrap can panic on None, so choose match, if let, or a fallback method as appropriate.
When to use
Use it when a lookup, parse, or optional input can legitimately have no value.