Browser event loop

브라우저 이벤트 루프

The browser runs tasks, drains microtasks, and gets a chance to render.

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html
<div class="v"><header>EVENT LOOP <span id="phase">task</span></header><div class="stage loop"><div class="q" id="q0">Task<br><b>click()</b></div><div class="q" id="q1">Microtasks<br><b>then()</b></div><div class="q" id="q2">Frame<br><b>paint</b></div><div class="token" id="token"></div></div><div class="muted">task → drain microtasks → render opportunity</div></div>
css
.v{width:min(94vw,760px);height:min(88vh,320px);padding:clamp(9px,2.4vmin,18px);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:var(--surface);font:500 clamp(12px,2.4vmin,16px)/1.3 var(--font-sans,system-ui,sans-serif);display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:clamp(5px,1.4vmin,10px);overflow:hidden}.v header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;color:var(--accent);font-weight:700}.v header span{color:var(--muted);font-weight:500}.v .stage{flex:1;min-height:0;position:relative}.v .muted{color:var(--muted)}.v .active{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent) 18%,var(--surface));border-color:var(--accent)!important;color:var(--fg)}.v button{font:inherit;color:var(--fg);background:var(--bg);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:7px;padding:5px 8px;cursor:pointer}.loop{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-around;gap:8px}.q{width:29%;min-height:70px;display:grid;place-items:center;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--bg);border-radius:9px;transition:.25s}.q b{font-weight:600;color:var(--accent)}.q.on{border-color:var(--accent);box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 2px color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent) 22%,transparent)}.token{position:absolute;bottom:7%;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);left:14%;transition:left .45s}
js
let i=0;const phases=["task","microtasks","frame"];function tick(){for(let j=0;j<3;j++)document.getElementById("q"+j).classList.toggle("on",i===j);document.getElementById("phase").textContent=phases[i];document.getElementById("token").style.left=(14+i*34)+"%";i=(i+1)%3}tick();setInterval(tick,800)

The event loop runs one JavaScript task at a time. After a task, it drains the microtask queue, and the browser may update the screen.

The demo token travels from a task through microtasks to a frame. Long synchronous work can hold up input handling and visual updates.

When to use

Use it to debug the ordering of Promise callbacks, timers, and delayed rendering.

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