Bulkheads divide concurrent execution slots by workload, like compartments in a ship. A slow dependency can fill one pool while another keeps processing. An unbounded shared thread or connection pool can turn one delay into a system-wide outage.
The demo saturates pool A while B still accepts work. Limits that are too low can reject a healthy burst, so size them against observed load.
When to use
Use it when dependencies or tenants compete for shared execution capacity.